Neolithic art is represented by a number of large and varied collections of objects found in vast isolated areas in Eastern Europe, Siberia and Central Asia.

Most fully represented are archaeological complexes discovered in the forest regions of European Russia. The objects found give an idea of the culture and art of Neolithic tribes who, from the 6th millenium to the middle of the 2nd millenium BC, inhabited the country between the rivers Volga and Oka, the Urals, and southern areas of the Pskov region including settlements in Karelia.

Neolithic everyday objects reveal that fishing and hunting were the main occupations of the inhabitants of the forest territories. Neolithic people decorated clay vessels in a wide variety of ways, created bone, horn and wooden figurines of people and animals. Noteworthy are a number of articles intended for tribal cults; these are polished stone axe-hammers, one end terminating with a bear's or elk's head executed with a considerable degree of realism. There are very carefully worked small flint figurines of people, animals and birds, which are schematic and stylized and were probably used as amulets.

Art of a monumental character was familiar to these tribes. On the coast of the White Sea and on the eastern shores of Lake Onega, a large number of petroglyphs were etched into the rock surface. The petroglyphs are executed in various manners: there are realistic and symbolic petroglyphs, and outline drawings but most are silhouettes.